Assoc. Prof. Hacer Karabağ Arslan

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The occupation of Bursa

8 July 1920 – 11 September 1922

The Greek army occupied Bursa on 8 July 1920. The occupation ended on 11 September 1922, when Turkish forces entered the city.

Related work

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Images

Maurice Gehri’s route map, 1921.
Maurice Gehri’s route map, 1921.Maurice Gehri’s report. Atatürk Bursa’sında Modernleşme Lider ve Şehir, p.62.
Refugees waiting to board a steamer on the Yalova shore, May 1921.
Refugees waiting to board a steamer on the Yalova shore, May 1921.International Committee of the Red Cross Archives (ICRC), 1921; photo: Arnold J. Toynbee. Hilâl-i Ahmer article, Fig. 1, p.34.
Refugees evacuated to Istanbul aboard the steamer Gülnihal, 1921.
Refugees evacuated to Istanbul aboard the steamer Gülnihal, 1921.International Committee of the Red Cross Archives (ICRC), 1921. Hilâl-i Ahmer article, Fig. 1, p.34.
Evacuation from Bursa, 1922.
Evacuation from Bursa, 1922.ELIA Archive. Atatürk Bursa’sında Modernleşme Lider ve Şehir, p.66.

Details

May 1921Civilian flight and the Red Crescent in the National Struggle

During the National Struggle, the burning of villages along the Yalova–Gemlik–Armutlu line in spring 1921 drove civilians to the coast and on to Istanbul. According to Maurice Gehri’s report, the Red Crescent (Hilâl-i Ahmer) shipped 2,935 people from this line to Istanbul by steamer in May 1921, 1,250 of them children.

  • Yalova ve Çevresinde İskân, Sağlık ve İmar (1921–1938), section 4.1, Occupation, Destruction and Demographic Rupture (1921); P029, P031, P032, P033

Sources

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